Ancient African cattle first domesticated in Middle East, study reveals
Date:
Marc
Source:
University of Missouri-Columbia
Summary:
The
genetic history of 134 cattle breeds from around the world has been
completed by a group of researchers. In the process of completing this
history, they found that ancient domesticated African cattle originated
in the 'Fertile Crescent,' a region that covered modern day Iraq,
Jordan, Syria and Israel.
Geneticist and
anthropologists previously suspected that ancient Africans domesticated
cattle native to the African continent nearly 10,000 years ago. Now, a
team of University of Missouri researchers has completed the genetic
history of 134 cattle breeds from around the world. In the process of
completing this history, they found that ancient domesticated African
cattle originated in the "Fertile Crescent," a region that covered
modern day Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Israel.
Lead
researcher Jared Decker, an assistant professor of animal science in
the MU College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, says the
genetics of these African cattle breeds are similar to those of cattle
first domesticated in the Middle East nearly 10,000 years ago, proving
that those cattle were brought to Africa as farmers migrated south.
Those cattle then interbred with wild cattle, or aurochs, which were
native to the region, and changed their genetic makeup enough to confuse
geneticists.
In their study published in PLOS Genetics, Decker and a team of international researchers compared the similarities and differences among the genetics of many different cattle breeds to determine how the breeds are related. Their research found mixing of native cattle in Indonesia with imports from India, European and African cattle in Italy and Spain, and European and Asian cattle in Korea and Japan. The MU researchers also determined that unique American cattle breeds, such as Texas longhorns, are the result of breeding between Spanish cattle, transported from Europe by explorers in the 16th century, and breeds of Zebu, or Brahman cattle from India imported into the U.S. from Brazil in the late 1800s. Decker says these discoveries help advance genetics and uncover important information about human history.
"In many ways, the history of cattle genetics mirrors human history," Decker said. "In the case of African cattle, anthropologists and geneticists used to suspect that domesticated African cattle were native to the continent, when in fact, they were brought by migrating peoples thousands of years ago. By better understanding the history of the animals we domesticate, we can better understand ourselves."
Decker also said that cattle breeding is important for animal farmers looking to maximize their herds' meat and dairy production. He says that understanding the genetic history of cattle breeds is important when looking for solutions to agricultural issues.
"Now that we have this more complete genetic history of cattle worldwide, we can better understand the diversity of the species," Decker said. "By understanding the variations present, we can improve cattle for agricultural purposes, whether that is through breeding more disease-resistant animals or finding ways to increase dairy or beef production.
LOVE KUMAR GUPTA
PGDM 2ND SEM
In their study published in PLOS Genetics, Decker and a team of international researchers compared the similarities and differences among the genetics of many different cattle breeds to determine how the breeds are related. Their research found mixing of native cattle in Indonesia with imports from India, European and African cattle in Italy and Spain, and European and Asian cattle in Korea and Japan. The MU researchers also determined that unique American cattle breeds, such as Texas longhorns, are the result of breeding between Spanish cattle, transported from Europe by explorers in the 16th century, and breeds of Zebu, or Brahman cattle from India imported into the U.S. from Brazil in the late 1800s. Decker says these discoveries help advance genetics and uncover important information about human history.
"In many ways, the history of cattle genetics mirrors human history," Decker said. "In the case of African cattle, anthropologists and geneticists used to suspect that domesticated African cattle were native to the continent, when in fact, they were brought by migrating peoples thousands of years ago. By better understanding the history of the animals we domesticate, we can better understand ourselves."
Decker also said that cattle breeding is important for animal farmers looking to maximize their herds' meat and dairy production. He says that understanding the genetic history of cattle breeds is important when looking for solutions to agricultural issues.
"Now that we have this more complete genetic history of cattle worldwide, we can better understand the diversity of the species," Decker said. "By understanding the variations present, we can improve cattle for agricultural purposes, whether that is through breeding more disease-resistant animals or finding ways to increase dairy or beef production.
LOVE KUMAR GUPTA
PGDM 2ND SEM
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